
They didn’t try to reach users who couldn’t read in those languages. Up until recently, most Indian businesses, banks, and government services developed their websites and apps in English and Hindi. The country is also home to about half a billion people who are illiterate or have low literacy, limiting their ability to navigate web pages and apps whose information is presented in text. Even among these languages, there are regional dialects that may not be mutually intelligible. India speaks hundreds of languages, with 22 officially recognized by the national government. These companies have been in a four-year race to gather data in local languages, develop chatbots and voice recognition tools, and help businesses communicate with customers in their own vernacular.

So in lockstep with the rise of new web users, a wave of Indian startups is breaking down these barriers to access.
